In it, it is emphasizes with naturalness the temporal sulcus pre and
post unitary that marked the birth of the Italian mafias in the context of
these historical changes. The old aristocratic and feudal ruling class, for the
last under the Bourbons, immediately grabbed the wind of change that inexorably
would have changed the national scene and to it offered its own sailing not
trying to resist but taking advantage of the headway. If we want things to stay
as they are, things will have to change tell Tancred, the nephew to his uncle,
the Leopard, justifying his decision to espouse the unitary cause .
However, the nobility and the Piedmonteses were not the only actors of
the period because of their own weaknesses, or rather by their wickedness, it
will born a tyrannical middle class that will act as a catalyst for illicit
interests of an entire criminal, political and financial underwood, in which
riverbed see the light of the mafias. It is not my intention here to retrace
the historical steps though compelling the entire period, but I'll just talk
about the result of this process, namely the birth of the endemic corruption
that permeates Italian life since his unity.
It had been only a few years
which already December 20, 1892,
Napoleon Colajanni, eclectic figure
and child at the
time, garibaldino and then deputy, denounced in
Parliament colossal cheating of the Banca Romana, a time bank of the Papal States, and one of the six institutions bank authorized to mint
coins in place of the state.
The scandal, the first of the Italian Republic, will serve as the archetype for
all those that in the years to follow, no imagination, will multiply; corrupt
officials, banking institutions that distort the financial statements
constituting funds in the black, even uttering counterfeit, altered overnight
in the basement of the bank, for sponsoring governments and other similar fun
activities: 1892.
The corruption was already endemic, widespread but mostly evident. One
more example. The first great crime of the Sicilian Mafia is certainly the
murder of the Marquis Emanuele Notarbartolo; it is a murder preventive, made in
order to ensure that the gentleman not returned to the head of the Banco di
Sicilia hampering business between the Mafia and politics. Notarbartolo had
already denounced favoritism towards the most important and famous Sicilian
businessmen, the Florio family, lambasted for the protections granted to the
deputy Raffaele Palizzolo, a politician who had close ties with the Mafia
Villabate. Were held three processes in three different cities.
Everyone knew that Palizzolo commissioned the murder, but despite
everything and everyone, he was acquitted. Also as a result of these events the
Giolitti government will be forced to resign; the Tangentopoli of umbertine
vintage .
As I have stated I
will not here go over the facts, and there are dozens like these just
mentioned, however, that figuratively
represent the state of corruption since those
years in this country.
It took a
hundred years of life, more or less, so that the Italian legislature to
recognize the existence of the mafias in Italy and codified in the Penal Code the
crime with art 416/bis; I leave aside, for a matter of time, but especially for
the large penalty, the reasons for such delay to reach the year 2012 when the Italian
government and the parliament have been forced by the EU to adopt a legislative
staff on corruption .
Italy ratified in June
2013, the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption desired by the Council of Europe since the year 2009; in 2012 the
Italian Government iinalmente launched
a series of anti-corruption reforms
in response to the deep disquiet emerged from the polls on
the perception of the phenomenon, the Law 190 of 6 November 2012.
However, as
noted by the European Commission, the new law leaves open a range of problems not
insignificant:
·
does not change the rules of the prescription;
·
does not change the criminal law on false accounting;
·
does not change the law on self laundering.
Also continues
the report of the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of
Europe, "... the new text also breaks the criminal law provisions on
concussion and corruption, threatening to give rise to ambiguities in practice
and further limit the discretion of 'prosecution. The law provides offenses
more specific and detailed starting from the text of a single offense defined
in more general terms (for example, the concussion and the new offense of undue
induction to give or promise utility) ... ".
The Council
therefore recommended Italy to revise the rules of prescription with the recommendation 2013/C217/11 of the
Council of 9 July 2013. In short, seems to have played with three cards; card
wins, card loses.
Corruption,
write Hinna and Marcantoni, in the
homonymous book published in the series Le Saggine for Donzelli in 2013,
is an "unfair tax" that costs for defect € 1500 to an Italian citizen
by adding their formula to define corruption C = M + D + A + B + CE + CL + SG.
Your?
One thing is
certain: the corruption is still not perceived as a major problem relegating
it, surreptitiously, to a mere fact of national immorality. No, it's much more,
it is a moral problem of civil ethics, of perception of being a member of a
community, but especially of democracy that is affected by the alteration of
the basic rules for the development based on processes of merit and not
patronage. Change all so that nothing changes!
Antonio De Bonis
tradotto da Laura Moretti
tradotto da Laura Moretti
